Important

Islamophobia in Europe: Reasons, Parameters, and Methods of Overcoming

The first reference to the term “islamophobia” appeared in an essay by an orientalist Etienne Dinet “The Orient in the eyes of the Occident” (1922) for defining negative attitude to Islam, that was traced back in many clashes between the Muslim world and Europe from the Crusades to colonialism period and that had religion as a base (Islam in opposition to Christianity).